Dambudziko reCOVID-19 rinoita kuti kukurudzira kwekudyara mari kuwedzere "zvivakwa zvitsva"

Chikonzero nei "zvivakwa zvitsva" zvichinzi "zvitsva" chinoenderana nezvivakwa zvechinyakare zvakaita se "iron public plane", iyo inonyanya kushanda muzvivakwa zvesainzi netekinoroji. Chirongwa chenhoroondo chakafanana che "zvivakwa zvitsva" ndicho "chenyika" chakakurudzirwa naMutungamiri weUS Clinton muna 1993. "Information Superhighway", kuvaka zvivakwa zvakakura mumunda weruzivo, chirongwa ichi chakava nemigumisiro yakakura pasi rose, uye chakagadzira kubwinya kwehupfumi hweruzivo hweUS mune ramangwana. Munguva yehupfumi hwemaindasitiri, kuvaka zvivakwa kunoratidzwa mukusimudzirwa kwezviwanikwa zvemuviri Kuyerera nekubatanidzwa kwecheni yekugovera; munguva yehupfumi hwedhijitari, kutaurirana kwenharembozha, big data, artificial intelligence nezvimwe zvivakwa zvenetwork uye nzvimbo dzedata centre zvave zvinodiwa uye zvivakwa zvepasi rose.

"Zvivakwa zvitsva" zvinokurudzirwa panguva ino zvine zvazvinoreva zvakawanda uye zvinangwa zvakakura zvebasa. Semuenzaniso, 5G ndeyekutaurirana nefoni, UHV ndeyemagetsi, njanji dzinomhanya pakati pemaguta uye nzira dzekufambisa pakati pemaguta ndedzekufambisa, nzvimbo huru dzedata ndedzeInternet nedhijitari, uye huchenjeri hwekugadzira neInternet yeindasitiri inzvimbo yakapfuma uye yakasiyana-siyana. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera dambudziko rekuti zvese zvinoiswa mairi, asi izvi zvine chekuitawo neshoko rekuti "zvitsva" nekuti zvinhu zvitsva zvinogara zvichikura.

Muna 2019, masangano akakodzera akagadzirisa database yeprojekiti yePPP yemuno, nekudyara mari inosvika 17.6 trillion yuan, uye kuvaka zvivakwa kuchiri chinhu chikuru, 7.1 trillion yuan, inokwana 41%; dzimba dziri panhamba yechipiri, 3.4 trillion yuan, inokwana 20%; "Zvivakwa zvitsva" zvinokwana 100 bhiriyoni yuan, zvinokwana 0.5%, uye huwandu hwese hahuna kukura. Zvichienderana nenhamba dze21st Century Business Herald, kusvika musi wa5 Kurume, runyorwa rwezvirongwa zvekudyara mari mune ramangwana zvakaburitswa nemapurovhinzi makumi maviri nemana nemakanzuru rwakapfupikiswa, rwunosanganisira mapurojekiti zviuru makumi maviri nezviviri, ane huwandu hwe47.6 trillion yuan, uye mari yakarongwa ye8 trillion yuan muna 2020. Chikamu che "zvivakwa zvitsva" chatove pedyo ne10%.

Munguva yedenda iri, hupfumi hwedhijitari hwakaratidza simba rakasimba, uye mafomati mazhinji edhijitari akadai sehupenyu hwegore, hofisi yegore, uye hupfumi hwegore zvave zvichiwedzera simba, zvichiwedzera simba idzva mukuvaka "zvivakwa zvitsva". Mushure medenda, kufunga nezvekukurudzira hupfumi, "zvivakwa zvitsva" zvichawana kutariswa kwakawanda uye mari yakawanda, uye zvichawedzera kutarisira kukurudzira kukura kwehupfumi.

Kushandiswa kwesimbi zvakanyanya munzvimbo nomwe

Nzvimbo nomwe huru dze "zvivakwa zvitsva" dzakavakirwa pahupfumi hwedhijitari uye hupfumi hwakangwara. Indasitiri yesimbi ichabatsirwa nesimba idzva remagetsi uye mukana mutsva unopiwa ne "zvivakwa zvitsva" kusvika padanho repamusoro, uye "Zvivakwa" zvichapawo zvinhu zvekutanga zvinodiwa.

Dzakarongwa nemidziyo minomwe uye simba resimbi yezvinhu zvesimbi, kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi, idzo dzinosanganisira njanji inomhanya zvikuru uye nzira dzekufambisa njanji pakati pemaguta, UHV, mota itsva yemagetsi, chiteshi che5G base, nzvimbo huru yedata, internet yeindasitiri, njere dzekugadzira.

Zvinoenderana ne "Chirongwa cheMakore Mashanu neMatatu cheNjanji" cheNational Railway, chirongwa chekufamba nechitima chinomhanya zvikuru chegore ra2020 chichava makiromita zviuru makumi matatu. Muna 2019, makiromita ekushanda aripo pari zvino echitima chinomhanya asvika makiromita 35,000, uye chinangwa chadarika nguva isati yasvika." Muna 2020, njanji yenyika ichaisa mari inosvika mabhiriyoni 800 yuan uye ichaisa mukushanda mitsara mitsva yemakiromita 4,000, ayo njanji inomhanya ichave makiromita 2,000. Chinangwa chichave pazvikanganiso, network dzakavharirwa, uye Simba rekudyara richave rakafanana muna 2019. Zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kwekutanga kwenetwork yenyika, muna 2019, makiromita ese emigwagwa yemaguta munyika achasvika makiromita 6,730, kuwedzera kwemakiromita 969, uye simba rekudyara richave rinenge mabhiriyoni 700. Zvichitungamirirwa neshanduro yakawedzerwa ye "zvivakwa zvitsva" mutemo, kubatana kwenharaunda pasi penetwork yemusana, mapurojekiti ekuvhara, kureva njanji dzinomhanya pakati pemaguta uye nzira dzechitima pakati pemaguta, zvichave chinangwa chekuvaka mune ramangwana. Nzvimbo dzakabudirira mune zvehupfumi, kudiwa kwakasimba, chinangwa chinotevera chenharaunda iRwizi Yangtze Delta, Zhuhai Sekureva kwechirongwa che "Shanghai 2035", Changjiang, Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei neChangjiang dzichaumba network yekufambisa njanji ye "makiromita matatu chiuru" yemigwagwa yemaguta, migwagwa yepakati pemaguta, uye migwagwa yemuno. Kudyara kwemamiriyoni zana emadhora ekuAmerica muzvitima kunoda kushandiswa kwesimbi inosvika 0.333. Pane kudyara kwemamiriyoni zana emadhora ekuAmerica kuti kuwedzere kudiwa kwematani mazana matatu nemakumi matatu nematatu esimbi, uye kushandiswa kwenguva refu kwemidziyo yekuvaka nezvinhu zvechitima.

UHV. Basa iri rinonyanya kutungamirirwa neState Grid. Zvava pachena kuti muna 2020, maUHV manomwe achatenderwa. Kudhonzwa kwesimbi uku kunonyanya kuratidzwa musimbi yemagetsi. Muna 2019, kushandiswa kwesimbi yemagetsi kwakasvika matani 979, izvo zvawedzera ne6.6% kakawanda. Zvichitevera kuwedzera kwekudyara kwegrid kwakaunzwa neUHV, kudiwa kwesimbi yemagetsi kunotarisirwa kuwedzera.

Murwi wemotokari itsva dzinochaja. Zvinoenderana ne "New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan", chiyero chekuora kwemotokari i1:1, uye pachava nemapombi ekuchaja angangoita mamiriyoni manomwe muChina panosvika gore ra2025. Murwi wekuchaja unosanganisira nzvimbo yekuisa michina, tambo, makoramu nezvimwe zvinhu zvinobatsira. Murwi wekuchaja we7KW unodhura anenge zviuru makumi maviri, uye 120KW unoda anenge zviuru zana nemakumi mashanu. Huwandu hwesimbi yemapombi madiki ekuchaja hunoderedzwa. Makuru anosanganisira simbi yekuisa mabhureki. Kana ikaverengerwa paavhareji yematani 0.5 imwe neimwe, mapombi ekuchaja mamiriyoni manomwe anoda matani mazana matatu nemakumi mashanu esimbi.

Chiteshi che5G. Sekureva kweChina Information Communication Institute, mari inodyarwa nenyika yangu mukuvaka network ye5G inotarisirwa kusvika 1.2 trillion yuan panosvika 2025; mari inodyarwa mumidziyo ye5G muna 2020 ichave 90.2 bhiriyoni, iyo 45.1 bhiriyoni ichaiswa mumidziyo mikuru, uye mimwe michina yekubatsira yakadai semachira ekutaurirana ichabatanidzwa. 5G infrastructure yakakamurwa kuita mhando mbiri dzemachira emagetsi makuru uye machira emagetsi madiki. Shongwe hombe yekunze inzvimbo huru uye chinangwa chekuvaka kukuru kuripo. Kuvakwa kwechiteshi chikuru kunoumbwa nemidziyo mikuru, midziyo yekutsigira magetsi, kuvaka kwezvivakwa, nezvimwewo. Simbi inosanganisirwa imba yemuchina, makabati, makabati, machira ekutaurirana, nezvimwewo. Vhoriyamu yesimbi yenhare huru yekutaurirana ndiyo inorema, uye huremu hwenhare huru ine machubhu matatu hunosvika matani 8.5, asi nzvimbo zhinji dzenhare huru uye machira emagetsi madiki zvinotsamira pa2/3/4G iripo nedzimwe nzvimbo dzekutaurirana. Nzvimbo dzesimbi dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda, dzine simbi shoma inoshandiswa. Saka, kushandiswa kwesimbi yose inofambiswa ne5G base stations hakuzove kwakanyanya. Zvichienderana nekudyara kwe5% pabase station, simbi inodiwa, uye mari inosvika trillion yemadhora pa5G inoita kuti kushandiswa kwesimbi kuwedzere ne50 bhiriyoni yuan.

Nzvimbo huru yedata, njere dzekugadzira, internet yeindasitiri. Mari inoshandiswa mumidziyo yemagetsi inonyanya kuwanikwa mumakamuri emakomputa, maseva, nezvimwewo, zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nzvimbo ina, kushandiswa kwesimbi zvakananga kwakaderera.

Kuona Kushandiswa kweSimbi "Nzvimbo Itsva" kubva kuGuangdong Samples

Kunyangwe huwandu hwesimbi inoshandiswa munzvimbo nomwe huru huchisiyana, nekuti kutakura njanji kunosanganisira chikamu chikuru chekudyara kwezvivakwa zvitsva nekuvaka, zvichave pachena kuti simbi inoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Zvichienderana nerondedzero yemapurojekiti ekudyara akaburitswa neGuangdong Province, kune mapurojekiti makuru ekuvaka anosvika 1,230 muna 2020, nekudyara kwese kwe5.9 trillion yuan, uye mapurojekiti ekutanga 868, nekudyara kwese kwese kwe3.4 trillion yuan. Zvivakwa zvitsva izvi zvine 1 trillion yuan, zvichiita 10% yehurongwa hwekudyara hwe9.3 trillion yuan.

Zvose zvakaiswa mari mumigwagwa yechitima pakati pemaguta nemigwagwa yechitima yemaguta i906.9 bhiriyoni yeyuan, zvichiita 90%. Chiyero chekudyara che90% ndicho chaicho nzvimbo ine huwandu hwakawanda hwesimbi, uye huwandu hwemapurojekiti makumi matatu nemapfumbamwe hwakakura kupfuura hwedzimwe nzvimbo. Sekureva kweruzivo kubva kuNational Development and Reform Commission, kubvumidzwa kwemapurojekiti emigwagwa yechitima pakati pemaguta nemaguta kwatosvika matiriyoni. Zvinotarisirwa kuti nzvimbo iyi ichave nzvimbo yekudyara mari muzvivakwa zvitsva maererano nehukuru nehuwandu.

Saka, "zvivakwa zvitsva" mukana wekuti indasitiri yesimbi isimudzire kunaka kwayo uye kushanda kwayo, uye ichaitawo nzvimbo itsva yekukura kwekudiwa kwesimbi.