Mhedzisiro yeMakemikoro paHunhu hweSimbi Plate
Iron-carbon alloy ine kabhoni iri pasi pe2.11% inonzi simbi. Kunze kwemakemikari akaita sesimbi (Fe) nekabhoni (C), simbi inewo silicon (Si), manganese (Mn), phosphorus (P), sarufa (S), okisijeni (O), nitrogen (N), niobium (Nb) uye titanium (Ti). Simba remakemikari akajairika pahunhu hwesimbi nderinotevera:
1. Kabhoni (C): Nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekabhoni musimbi, simba rekugadzira uye simba rekudhonza rinowedzera, asi plasticity uye simba rekukanda rinoderera; Zvisinei, kana huwandu hwekabhoni huchipfuura 0.23%, kugona kwesimbi kunowedzera kuipa. Nokudaro, huwandu hwekabhoni musimbi yekuvaka ine alloy shoma inoshandiswa pakushongedza kazhinji haipfuure 0.20%. Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekabhoni kuchaderedzawo kuramba kwesimbi mumhepo, uye simbi ine kabhoni yakawanda iri nyore kukuvadza mumhepo yakavhurika. Pamusoro pezvo, kabhoni inogona kuwedzera kutonhora uye kukwegura kwesimbi.
2. Silicon (Si): Silicon isimbi ine simba rekubvisa oxidizer mukugadzira simbi, uye silicon iri musimbi yakaurayiwa inowanzova 0.12%-0.37%. Kana silicon iri musimbi ikadarika 0.50%, silicon inonzi alloying element. Silicon inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya muganho we elastic, simba rekugadzira uye simba rekudhonza simbi, uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya sesimbi yechitubu. Kuwedzera 1.0-1.2% silicon musimbi yakadzima uye yakanyorova kunogona kuwedzera simba ne15-20%. Kana ikasanganiswa nesilicon, molybdenum, tungsten uye chromium, inogona kuvandudza kuramba kwekuora uye kuramba kuoxidation, uye inogona kushandiswa kugadzira simbi inodzivirira kupisa. Simbi ine kabhoni shoma ine 1.0-4.0% silicon, ine magnetic permeability yakakwira kwazvo, inoshandiswa sesimbi yemagetsi muindasitiri yemagetsi. Kuwedzera kwesilicon kuri musimbi kuchaderedza kugona kwesimbi kusveta.
3. Manganese (Mn): Manganese i deoxidizer yakanaka uye desulfurizer. Kazhinji, simbi ine 0.30-0.50% manganese. Kana manganese inodarika 0.70% yawedzerwa kusimbi yekabhoni, inonzi "manganese steel". Kana ichienzaniswa nesimbi yakajairika, haina kusimba zvakakwana chete, asiwo ine simba rakawanda uye kuomarara, izvo zvinovandudza kugona kuomesa uye kushanda kwekupisa kwesimbi. Simbi ine 11-14% manganese inodzivirira kupfeka zvakanyanya, uye inowanzoshandiswa mu excavator bucket, ball mill liner, nezvimwewo. Nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwe manganese, kuramba ngura kwesimbi kunoderera uye mashandiro ekuwelda anodzikira.
4. Phosphorus (P): Kazhinji, phosphorus chinhu chinokuvadza musimbi, chinovandudza simba resimbi, asi chinoderedza kuomarara kwesimbi, chinowedzera kutonhora kwesimbi, uye chinoderedza kushanda kwewelding uye kushanda kwechando. Saka, zvinowanzodiwa kuti phosphorus iri musimbi isingasviki 0.045%, uye zvinodiwa zvesimbi yepamusoro zvakaderera.
5. Sarufa (S): Sarufa chinhu chinokuvadzawo mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa. Ita kuti simbi iite seyakapfava, inoderedza kuomarara kwesimbi, uye inokonzera kuputika panguva yekuumba nekumonera. Sarufa inokanganisawo mashandiro ekunamira uye inoderedza kuramba kwengura. Saka, huwandu hwesarufa hunowanzova pasi pe0.055%, uye hwesimbi yepamusoro hunenge huri pasi pe0.040%. Kuwedzera 0.08-0.20% sarufa kusimbi kunogona kuvandudza kusagona kwesimbi, iyo inowanzonzi simbi inocheka yakasununguka.
6. Aruminiyamu (Al): Aruminiyamu chinhu chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu deoxidizer musimbi. Kuwedzera aruminiyamu shoma musimbi kunogona kunatsa saizi yetsanga uye kuwedzera kusimba kwe impact; Aruminiyamu inewo resistance ye oxidation uye resistance ye corrosion. Kusanganiswa kwearuminiyamu ne chromium ne silicon kunogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya peeling performance yepamusoro-tembiricha uye resistance ye corrosion yesimbi mutembiricha yepamusoro. Dambudziko rearuminiyamu nderekuti rinokanganisa mashandiro ekushanda anopisa, welding performance uye cutting performance yesimbi.
7. Okisijeni (O) nenitrogen (N): Okisijeni nenitrogen zvinhu zvinokuvadza zvinogona kupinda kubva mugasi remoto kana simbi yanyunguduka. Okisijeni inogona kuita kuti simbi itsvuke, uye mhedzisiro yayo yakanyanya kupfuura yesarufa. Nitrogen inogona kuita kuti simbi itsvuke sefosforasi. Kukwegura kwenitrogen kunogona kuwedzera kuomarara kwesimbi, asi kuderedza kuomarara kwayo, kunyanya kana simbi yakwegura.
8. Niobium (Nb), vanadium (V) uye titanium (Ti): Niobium, vanadium uye titanium zvese zvinhu zvinonatsa tsanga. Kuwedzera zvinhu izvi nenzira yakakodzera kunogona kuvandudza chimiro chesimbi, kunatsa tsanga uye kuwedzera simba nekusimba kwesimbi zvakanyanya.
